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Week 2: SQL Accounting COA & Opening Balances 第 2 周:SQL Accounting 科目表与期初余额

💻 Practical Exercise Online 💻 在线实操练习

Step-by-Step Guide 分步指南

1. Data Restoration

Restoring database backups is critical for audit recovery. In SQL Accounting, use **File -> Restore** to load `.FDB` files. In Million, restore from compressed ZIP folders using the database manager utility.

2. Chart of Accounts (COA) Structure

Chart of Accounts organizes ledgers by categories: Assets (2000-2999), Liabilities (4000-4999), Equity (1000-1999), Sales Revenue (5000-5999), Cost of Goods Sold (6000-6999), and Expenses (9000-9999).

1. 数据恢复与导入

恢复数据库备份对审计恢复至关重要。在 SQL Accounting 中,使用 **File -> Restore** 载入 `.FDB` 文件。在 Million 中,使用数据库管理程序从压缩的 ZIP 文件夹中恢复数据。

2. 会计科目表 (COA) 结构

会计科目表按大类组织分类账:资产 (2000-2999)、负债 (4000-4999)、权益 (1000-1999)、销售收入 (5000-5999)、销货成本 (6000-6999) 和费用 (9000-9999)。

Concept Visualization 概念可视化

Assets (2xxx)Cash & ReceivablesLiabilities (4xxx)Payables & LoansExpenses (9xxx)Rent & Salaries

Educational Infographic 教学信息图

Visual concept map explaining the key module topic: 解释该模块核心主题的视觉概念图:

Assets (2xxx)Cash & ReceivablesLiabilities (4xxx)Payables & LoansExpenses (9xxx)Rent & Salaries

🤖 AI Integration Playbook 🤖 AI 实践指南

AI Prompting for Data Cleaning:

Prompt: 'I imported a Chart of Accounts and found duplicate accounts: '6100-000 Salary' and '6100-010 Wages & Salaries'. Write a script to audit and consolidate these entries in SQL database.'
Result: AI delivers SQL consolidation query updates, reducing database code redundancies.

AI 辅助步骤:

Prompt 提示词: “我导入了一个科目表,发现有重复的科目:'6100-000 Salary' 和 '6100-010 Wages & Salaries'。请编写一个 SQL 脚本来审计并合并这两个科目。”
效果: AI 提供科目合并更新语句,消除数据库冗余数据。

Tips 提示

Never delete a Chart of Account that already has posted transaction logs. Doing so causes system imbalance and data inconsistencies.
切勿删除已有交易分录记账的会计科目。否则会导致系统账目失衡和数据不一致故障。

Knowledge Check 知识自测

1. What is the typical account code range for Expenses in standard setups? 在标准会计设置中,费用类科目的典型代码范围是?

2. In SQL Accounting, restoring a backup database requires importing which file format? 在 SQL Accounting 中,恢复备份数据库需要导入什么格式的文件?

3. Which account group does 'Retained Earnings' belong to? “留存收益”属于哪个账户大类?

4. Deleting a ledger account code that has active postings causes: 删除一个已有活动记账记录的科目代码会导致:

5. Which menu option in SQL Accounting is used to customize the ledger structure? SQL Accounting 中的哪个菜单选项用于自定义分类账科目表结构?

Practical Exercise 实践练习

Task 1: Write a SQL query to select all accounts where Code starts with '9'. 任务 1: 编写一个 SQL 查询,选择科目代码以 '9' 开头的所有账户。

Task 2: In Million, which utility button is clicked to add sub-accounts? 任务 2: 在 Million 中,点击哪个功能按钮来添加子科目?

Task 3: Write the typical Chart of Account code format representing Sales Revenue. 任务 3: 写出代表销售收入的典型会计科目表代码格式。

Matching Game 配对游戏

Match the term on the left with its definition on the right. 将左侧的术语与右侧的定义进行配对。

Liabilities
File -> Restore utility pathway File -> Restore 数据恢复路径
COA Setup
Ledger codes 2000-2999 range 分类账代码 2000-2999 范围的负债账户
Restore DB
Ledger codes 1000-1999 range 分类账代码 1000-1999 范围的资产账户
Assets
GL -> Chart of Accounts pathway GL -> Chart of Accounts 进入设置